ANÁLISIS ÓMICO COMPUTACIONAL
| Guía Docente 2021-22 ANÁLISIS ÓMICO COMPUTACIONAL |
BASIC DETAILS:
| Subject: | ANÁLISIS ÓMICO COMPUTACIONAL | ||
| Id.: | 33708 | ||
| Programme: | DOBLE GRADO EN FARMACIA Y BIOINFORMÁTICA. PLAN 2019 | ||
| Module: | BIOINFORMÁTICA | ||
| Subject type: | OBLIGATORIA | ||
| Year: | 3 | Teaching period: | Primer Cuatrimestre |
| Credits: | 6 | Total hours: | 150 |
| Classroom activities: | 59 | Individual study: | 91 |
| Main teaching language: | Inglés | Secondary teaching language: | Castellano |
| Lecturer: | Email: | ||
PRESENTATION:
Next generation sequencing techniques, NGS, have allowed great improvements in different biological research fields. The vast amount, the quality and the easiness of data generation lead to researchers to perform new investigations with economical feasible methodologies respect to the previous techniques. As a result, new transversal and complementary research lines have emerged to support the classical ones. These new fields, calle -omics are one the main focus of Bioinformatics.
This subject will provide a general idea of the omics techniques, from the experimental design, in order to guide the students to identify the type of analysis to be performed, the accurate tools and the expected results.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES ACQUIRED IN THE SUBJECT:
| General programme competences | G01 | Use learning strategies autonomously for their application in the continuous improvement of professional practice. |
| G02 | Perform the analysis and synthesis of problems of their professional activity and apply them in similar environments. | |
| G03 | Cooperate to achieve common results through teamwork in a context of integration, collaboration and empowerment of critical discussion. | |
| G04 | Reason critically based on information, data and lines of action and their application on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature. | |
| G05 | Communicate professional topics in Spanish and / or English both orally and in writing. | |
| G06 | Solve complex or unforeseen problems that arise during the professional activity within any type of organisation and adapt to the needs and demands of their professional environment. | |
| G07 | Choose between different complex models of knowledge to solve problems. | |
| G09 | Apply information and communication technologies in the professional field. | |
| G10 | Apply creativity, independence of thought, self-criticism and autonomy in the professional practice. | |
| Specific programme competences | E02 | Develop the use and programming of computers, databases and computer programs and their application in bioinformatics. |
| E03 | Apply the fundamental concepts of mathematics, logic, algorithmics and computational complexity to solve problems specific to bioinformatics. | |
| E04 | Program applications in a robust, correct, and efficient way, choosing the paradigm and the most appropriate programming languages, applying knowledge about basic algorithmic procedures and using the most appropriate types and data structures. | |
| E05 | Implement well-founded applications, previously designed and analysed, in the characteristics of the databases. | |
| E06 | Apply the fundamental principles and basic techniques of intelligent systems and their practical application in the field of bioinformatics. | |
| E07 | Apply the principles, methodologies and life cycles of software engineering to the development of a project in the field of bioinformatics. | |
| E12 | Apply the principles and techniques of protein computational modelling to predict their biological function, their activity or new therapeutic targets (Structural Bioinformatics, Computational Toxicology). | |
| E13 | Apply omics technologies for the extraction of statistically significant information and for the creation of relational databases of biodata that can be updated and publicly accessible to the scientific community. | |
| E14 | Use programming languages, most commonly used in the field of Life Sciences, to develop and evaluate techniques and/ or computational tools. | |
| E15 | Infer the evolutionary history of genes and proteins through the creation and interpretation of phylogenetic trees. | |
| E16 | Plan linkage and association studies for medical and environmental purposes. | |
| E17 | Induce complex relationships between samples by applying statistical and classification techniques. | |
| E18 | Apply statistical and computational methods to solve problems in the fields of molecular biology, genomics, medical research and population genetics. | |
| E21 | Apply computational and data processing techniques for the integration of physical, chemical and biological concepts and data for the description and/ or prediction of the activity of a substance in a given context. |
PRE-REQUISITES:
Not previous requirments are necessary.
SUBJECT PROGRAMME:
Subject contents:
| 1 - Omics Science: General Principles |
| 1.1 - What the omics are |
| 1.2 - Omics and Bioinformatics |
| 1.3 - Applications |
| 2 - Linux Command Line |
| 2.1 - Introduction to UNIX environments. Basic commands. |
| 2.2 - Commands for access to file contents |
| 2.3 - Permissions |
| 2.4 - Scripting |
| 2.5 - File Processing Language: GAWK |
| 2.6 - Software installation |
| 3 - Omics Revolution: from Sanger to NGS |
| 3.1 - Sequencing |
| 3.2 - De novo sequencing and resequencing |
| 3.3 - Genomics: description and applications |
| 3.4 - Transcriptomics: description and applications |
| 3.5 - Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics: description and applications |
| 3.6 - MethySeql and ChipSeq: description and applications |
| 4 - Present and future of omics science |
| 4.1 - Role of omics science in health, science and industry |
| 5 - Current software for omics analysis |
| 5.1 - Quality analysis and preprocessing |
| 5.2 - Genomics and transcriptomics |
| 5.3 - Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics |
| 5.4 - Annotation |
| 5.5 - Phylogenomics |
| 6 - Proteins and omics science |
| 6.1 - Proteomics: description and applications |
| 6.2 - Metabolomics: description and applications |
| 6.3 - Interactomics: description and applications |
| 6.4 - Relationship between proteomics and NGS: from computer to real life |
| 7 - Basic principles of omics analysis |
| 7.1 - Quality control |
| 7.2 - Preprocessing |
| 7.3 - Assembly |
| 7.4 - Annotation |
| 7.5 - Mapping |
| 7.6 - Variant Calling |
| 7.7 - Quantification |
| 7.8 - Normalization |
| 7.9 - Differential expression analysis |
| 8 - Experimental Design |
| 8.1 - Basic principles of experimental design |
| 8.2 - From the idea to the experimental process |
Subject planning could be modified due unforeseen circumstances (group performance, availability of resources, changes to academic calendar etc.) and should not, therefore, be considered to be definitive.
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODOLOGIES AND ACTIVITIES:
Teaching and learning methodologies and activities applied:
Master classes:
Teacher will explain the theory using TIC and physical resources on presential classes. Material will be available on the PDU in advance for previous reading. Students are highly recommended to perform the reading task.
Theoretical-practical classes:
Omics needed from practise. In this type of sessions the students will perform a reproduction of command execution done in theory and the completion of proposed exercises, in order to assure correct comprehension.
Self-learning based on critical-thinking:
Sutdents will explore scientific publication and discuss between each other about oral presentation of the rest of students. This way, basic knowledge of the field will be reinforce bias for scientific process.
Learning based on proyects:
Three projects will be peformed time course of the subject in order to apply the acquire knowledge in the experimental design area,
Student work load:
| Teaching mode | Teaching methods | Estimated hours |
| Classroom activities | ||
| Master classes | 25 | |
| Practical work, exercises, problem-solving etc. | 2 | |
| Other practical activities | 20 | |
| Test in class | 2 | |
| Classroom tutorials | 5 | |
| Evaluation tests (questionnaires and other instruments) | 5 | |
| Individual study | ||
| Individual study | 15 | |
| Individual coursework preparation | 30 | |
| Compulsory reading | 14 | |
| Application of investigation techniques and information search | 24 | |
| Video lessons/Webinars/ podcast | 8 | |
| Total hours: | 150 |
ASSESSMENT SCHEME:
Calculation of final mark:
| Written tests: | 5 | % |
| Individual coursework: | 30 | % |
| Group coursework: | 10 | % |
| Final exam: | 40 | % |
| Evaluation of presentations: | 15 | % |
| TOTAL | 100 | % |
*Las observaciones específicas sobre el sistema de evaluación serán comunicadas por escrito a los alumnos al inicio de la materia.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND DOCUMENTATION:
Basic bibliography:
| Arivaradarajan, P., Misra, G. Omics Approaches, Technologies And Applications Integrative Approaches For Understanding OMICS Data. Springer. 2019. |
| Newham, C. Learning the bash Shell, 3rd Edition.O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2005. |
Recommended bibliography:
| Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P.Molecular biology of the cell. New York: Garland Science. 2002. |
| Altschul, S. F., et al. "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs." Nucleic Acids Res. 25(17): 3389-3402. 1997. |
| Bar-Even A. et al.Noise in protein expression scales with natural protein abundance. Nat. Genet. 38: 636-643. 2006. |
| Barh,D., Blum K., and Madigan M. OMICS: Biomedical Perspectives and Applications. CRC Press.. 2011. |
| Brent, M. R. Genome annotation past, present, and future: How to define an ORF at each locus. Genome Res., 15:1777-1786. 2006. |
| Cameron Newham, Bill Rosenblatt, and Gigi Estabrook.Learning the Bash Shell. O’Reilly and associates, Inc., USA. 1998. |
| Chee-Seng,K., L.En Yun, P.Yudi, and C.Kee-Seng. Next Generation Sequencing Technologies and Their Applications. John Willey and Sons. 2010. |
| Cole, J. R., Q. Wang, J. A. Fish, B. Chai, D. M. McGarrell, Y. Sun, C. T. Brown, A. Porras-Alfaro, C. R. Kuske, and J. M. Tiedje. Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis Nucl. Acids Res. 42(Database issue):D633-D642. 2014. |
| D'Alessandro, Angelo. High-Throughput Metabolomics. Nature Springer. 2019. |
| Eidhammer, I., Flikka, K., Martens, L., and Mikalsen, S.O. Computational Methods for Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Wiley-Interscience. 2008. |
| Futami R., Munoz-Pomer A, Viu JM, Dominguez-Escriba L Covelli L, Bernet GP, Sempere JM, Moya A and Llorens C. GPRO The professional tool for annotation, management and functional analysis of omic databases. Biotechvana Bioinformatics: SOFT3. 2011. |
| Goff L, Trapnell C and Kelley D.cummeRbund: Analysis, exploration, manipulation, and visualization of Cufflinks high-throughput sequencing data. R package version 2.14.0. 2013. |
| Handelsman, J.Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 68: 669-685. 2004. |
| Huntley RP, Sawford T, Mutowo-Meullenet P, Shypitsyna A, Bonilla C, Martin MJ and O'Donovan C.The GOA database: gene Ontology annotation updates for 2015. Nucleic Acids Res 43: D1057-1063. 2015. |
| Kotera M, Hirakawa M, Tokimatsu T, Goto S and Kanehisa M.The KEGG databases and tools facilitating omics analysis: latest developments involving human diseases and pharmaceuticals. Methods MolBiol 802: 19-39. 2012. |
| Kulski, J.K. Next-generation sequencing—an overview of the history, tools, and “omic applications. Handbook of next generation sequencing—advances, applications and challenges. Intech, 2016. |
| Martin, M."Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads." EMBnet.journal Vol 17(1). 2011. |
| Metzker, ML. Sequencing technologies the next generation. Nat. Rev. Genet., 11: 31-46. 2010. |
| Meyer,F., D.Paarmann, Souza,M.D, Olson, R., Glass,E.M., Kubal, M., Paczian,T., Rodriguez, A., Stevens,R., Wilke, A., Wilkening, J. and Edwards, R.A.The metagenomics RAST server - a public resource for the automatic phylogenetic and functional analysis of metagenomes. BMC Bioinformatics 9:386. 2008. |
| Myers, C. L., Discovery of biological networks from diverse functional genomic data. Genome Biology, 6: R114. 2005 |
| Pérez-Ortín, J.E.; Alepuz, P. y Moreno; J.Genomics and gene transcription kinetics in yeast. Trends Genet. 23, 250-257. 2007. |
| Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, Peplies J, Glöckner FO. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Opens external link in new windowNucl. Acids Res. 41 (D1): D590-D596. 2013 |
| Schmieder R and Edwards R. Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasets. Bioinformatics. 27 (6): 863-864.2011. |
| Schulz, M. H., et al."Oases: robust de novo RNA-seq assembly across the dynamic range of expression levels." Bioinformatics 28(8): 1086-1092. 2012. |
| Teh, CK., Ong, A. and Kwong, QB.Applications of NGS Data: A Practical Handbook of Next Generation Sequencing and Its Applications. World Scientific. 2017. |
| The Gene Ontology Consortium: Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nature Genetics, 25:25-29. 2000 |
| Trapnell C, Pachter L and Salzberg SL: TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-Seq. Bioinformatics, 25(9):1105-1111.2009 |
| Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, et al. Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. NatProtoc 7: 562-578. 2012. |
| Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M., & Cole, J. R. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(16), 5261–5267. 2007. |
| Xu, Y., and Gogarten, J. P. Computational Methods for Understanding Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes. Series on Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, vol. 7. Imperial College Press, London.2008. |
| Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and "All-species Living Tree Project (LTP)" taxonomic frameworks. Opens external link in new windowNucl. Acids Res. 42:D643-D648. 2014 |
| Young MD, Wakefield MJ, Smyth GK and Oshlack A.Gene ontology analysis for RNA-seq: accounting for selection bias. Genome Biology, 11, pp. R14. 2010. |
| Zerbino, D. R. and E. Birney. "Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs." Genome Res. 18(5): 821-829.2008 |
Recommended websites:
| Fastqc | http:/ / www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/ projects/ fastqc. |
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